{"id":15682,"date":"2023-12-13T08:57:47","date_gmt":"2023-12-13T08:57:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.webhosting.uk.com\/kb\/?p=15682"},"modified":"2026-02-18T11:04:24","modified_gmt":"2026-02-18T11:04:24","slug":"how-to-watch-a-directory-for-new-file-creation-in-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.webhosting.uk.com\/kb\/how-to-watch-a-directory-for-new-file-creation-in-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"How to watch a directory for new file creation in Linux"},"content":{"rendered":"<p data-start=\"289\" data-end=\"429\">This article explains how to monitor a directory for <strong data-start=\"342\" data-end=\"372\">new file creation in Linux<\/strong> and automatically trigger actions when new files appear.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"431\" data-end=\"562\">A common and lightweight way to achieve this is by using <strong data-start=\"488\" data-end=\"505\">inotify-tools<\/strong>, which allows real-time monitoring of filesystem events.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Installing inotify-tools<br \/>\n<\/strong>First, install inotify-tools using your package manager.<\/p>\n<p>Ubuntu \/ Debian-based systems<\/p>\n<pre>sudo apt update\r\nsudo apt install inotify-tools<\/pre>\n<p>On other distributions, install the equivalent inotify-tools package using the appropriate package manager.<\/p>\n<p>Understanding inotifywait Options<\/p>\n<p>The examples below use the inotifywait command. Key options include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-m (monitor): Keeps monitoring continuously instead of exiting after one event<\/li>\n<li>-e create: Watches for file creation events<\/li>\n<li>-r: Enables recursive monitoring of subdirectories<\/li>\n<li>&#8211;format &#8216;%w%f&#8217;: Displays the full path of the created file<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Creating a Shell Script to Monitor a Directory<br \/>\nBelow is a practical example that monitors a directory and logs newly created files.<\/p>\n<p>Example Script<\/p>\n<pre>#!\/bin\/bash\r\n# Directory to monitor\r\nMONITOR_DIR=\"\/var\/www\/uploads\"\r\n# Log file\r\nLOG_FILE=\"\/var\/log\/file-monitor.log\"\r\ninotifywait -m -e create --format '%f' \"$MONITOR_DIR\" | while read FILE\r\ndo\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 echo \"$(date): New file created - $FILE\" &gt;&gt; \"$LOG_FILE\"\r\ndone<\/pre>\n<p>Script Explanation<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The script continuously monitors the specified directory<\/li>\n<li>Each new file creation event is logged with a timestamp<\/li>\n<li>You can replace the logging command with an API call, backup script, or notification action<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Example Output:<\/p>\n<pre>Setting up watches.\r\nWatches established.\r\n\/var\/www\/uploads\/image1.jpg\r\n\/var\/www\/uploads\/report.pdf<\/pre>\n<p>Each entry indicates a newly created file detected in real time.<\/p>\n<p>Making the Script Executable and Running It<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Save the script (for example, monitor.sh).<\/li>\n<li>Make it executable:\n<pre>chmod +x monitor.sh<\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>Run the script:\n<pre>.\/monitor.sh<\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Running the Script in the Background<br \/>\nTo keep the script running after logging out, use nohup, screen, or tmux.<br \/>\nExample using nohup:<\/p>\n<pre>nohup .\/monitor.sh &amp;<\/pre>\n<p>Running the Script as a systemd Service<\/p>\n<p>For long-term or production use, running the script as a systemd service is recommended.<\/p>\n<p>Steps:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Move the script to a suitable location:\n<pre>sudo mv monitor.sh \/usr\/local\/bin\/\r\nsudo chmod +x \/usr\/local\/bin\/monitor.sh<\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>Create a systemd service file:\n<pre>sudo nano \/etc\/systemd\/system\/monitor.service<\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>Add the following content:\n<pre>[Unit]\r\nDescription=File Monitor Service\r\n\r\n[Service]\r\nExecStart=\/usr\/local\/bin\/monitor.sh\r\nRestart=always\r\nUser=nobody\r\nGroup=nogroup\r\n\r\n[Install]\r\nWantedBy=multi-user.target<\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>Reload systemd and start the service:\n<pre>sudo systemctl daemon-reload\r\nsudo systemctl enable monitor.service\r\nsudo systemctl start monitor.service<\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>Verify service status:\n<pre>sudo systemctl status monitor.service<\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Recursive Directory Monitoring<\/p>\n<p>By default, inotify does not monitor subdirectories. To enable recursive monitoring, add the -r flag:<\/p>\n<pre>inotifywait -m -r -e create \"$MONITOR_DIR\"<\/pre>\n<p>Limitations of inotify-based Monitoring<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Does not monitor subdirectories unless -r is used<\/li>\n<li>Limited by system watch limits (fs.inotify.max_user_watches)<\/li>\n<li>Events may be missed during extremely high file-creation rates<\/li>\n<li>Not ideal for very large directory trees or some network file systems<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Alternatives to inotify-tools<\/p>\n<p>Depending on your use case, consider these alternatives:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>systemd Path Units<br \/>\nAutomatically trigger services when files change; more reliable for production systems<\/li>\n<li>Auditd<br \/>\nUseful for security auditing and compliance tracking<\/li>\n<li>Custom daemons or applications<br \/>\nRecommended for complex workflows or high-volume environments<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Monitoring a directory for new file creation in Linux enables real-time automation and awareness. Using inotify-tools provides a simple and efficient solution, while systemd-based approaches may be better suited for long-running production environments.<\/p>\n<p>By choosing the right method and understanding its limitations, you can reliably track file system changes and automate workflows effectively.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article explains how to monitor a directory for new file creation in Linux and automatically trigger actions when new files appear. 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