How to create a mailing list in cPanel and add email address in it.

Step 1: Log in into your cPanel.

Step 2: Look for “Mailing Lists” option in “Mail” section.

Step 3: Click on “Mailing Lists” to move ahead. You can fill all the parameters below “Create a Mailing List” option to create a new list. Click on “Add Mailing List” once you add all the information.

Step 4: You will be on the below page once a mailing list is created successfully. Click on “Go Back” option to go back on the previous page to check the mailing list which you just created.

Step 5: You will be able to see the name of the list which you created in “List Name” section and 3 options in front of it to make changes in that particular list. Click on “Modify” option to make changes in that mailing list.

You be on the below page once you click on “Modify” option. Enter the “password of the mailing list” created and proceed.

Step 6: You will be on the below page once you log in into your mailing list. You can fill all the required information and your mailing list will be ready to send mails.

The secured shell access or SSH is a network protocol that enables the exchange of data through a secured channel between two secured network devices. SSH is used either for logging into or running programs on the remote machines present across a network. SSH is also the standard for the encrypted terminal internet connections.

The process to enable SSH for a Linux Dedicated Server through a Linux machine without a password:

In order to generate SSH key pair for your Linux dedicated server you will have to use the ssh-keygen command. This command has to be operated in the command line. You will be asked for a file name and password for the key. Here is an example:

user@somehost: ssh-keygen -t dsa
Generating public/private dsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/user/.ssh/id_dsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in id_dsa.
Your public key has been saved in id_dsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
16:8e:e8:f2:1d:c9:b9:cf:43:9a:b3:3c:c1:1f:95:93 user@somehost

This command will create a private key written to /home/user/.ssh/id_dsa and a public key written to /home/user/.ssh/id_dsa.pub. The password is important to protect your key. You will be asked for it when you connect via SSH.
The IP address that you used to order your dedicated server was automatically added in the server firewall. If you would like to establish the WHM and SSH connections using another IP address you can send a request for the same so that it can be added in the firewall. Access from your IP address should be allowed for the SSH port on the server.

Once the public and private SSH keys are generated, you should add the public key through your WHM (Web Host Manager). For doing so, log in to your server’s WHM panel as root and go to the option of ‘Manage SSH Keys’ located in the Security section. Click on the Import Key button, type in a name and a password for the key and paste your public key in the corresponding field. You don’t have to paste your private key. Click Import to import your key.You can now connect to your Dedicated Server via SSH. You will have to enter the following command in order to load our private SSH key:

user@somehost: ssh-add /home/user/.ssh/id_dsa
Enter passphrase for id_dsa:
Identity added: id_dsa (id_dsa)

(The passphrase is the one that you had set during the generation of the SSH key.)

Once you have entered the passphrase you can initiate an SSH connection:

user@somehost: ssh <USER>@<HOSTNAME> -p<PORT>

- <USER> – root – the user for which you want to establish the SSH connection. As your account is hosted on a dedicated server you can login using the “root” account

- <HOSTNAME> (or IP address) – here you should enter the hostname/IP of the dedicated server.

- <PORT> - the port for the connection;

Press “Enter” and if everything has been set up properly, the SSH connection to your account will be successfully established.

The process mentioned above explains setting up the SSH connection on a Linux dedicated server through the Linux machine. The same process can be followed with a Windows machine. In order to access the Linux server from Windows machine, you will have to follow the process mentioned below:

Public Key Authentication With PuTTY

Step 1

Generate a public/private key pair on your local desktop. Go to the Start menu, run Start > All Programs > PuTTY > PuTTYgen as shown below:

Initial PuTTYgen window

Click on the ‘Generate’ button. You will be prompted to move the mouse over the blank area to generate some randomness. On doing so, the program will generate the key and display the result shortly as shown in the image given below:

Once the keys are generated. Enter a passphrase in the ‘Key passphrase’ section and confirm it by clicking on the ‘Confirm passphrase’ boxes. The PuTTY documentation recommends an actual phrase of 10 to 30 characters with word breaks, mixed case, numbers, and non-alphanumeric characters, for instance – “DoN’t (expect snow)^july”. Instead of creating a good passphrase on your own, it is preferrable to consider the recommendations. You must take care about not leaving these fields blank.

Now select all the text given in the box labeled “Public key for pasting into OpenSSH authorized_keys file” (near the top of the window) by dragging the cursor. Right-click over the selection and choose Copy. Finally, click the “Save private key” button to save the private key to a file as shown in the image.

Saving the private key in file mykey.ppk

The private key must be kept secret. The contents of the file are encrypted accordingly using the passphrase, and you should pick a file location that can be only accessed by you. If you share your computer and you do not have a separate account (id) with private disk space, do not use public key authentication. You can also recover the public key from the private key with PuTTYgen by clicking on the Load button; however it is not possible to recover the private key from the public key.

Step 2

Install the public key on the remote host where you would like to connect. This can be done by pasting the public key from the Clipboard into the the authorized_keys file, which is located in the .ssh directory in your home directory on the remote host. The image given below shows the vi editor being used for this purpose.

Editing .ssh/authorized_keys with vi.

Type G on the keyboard to go to the end of the file. Enter ‘insert mode’ on a new line by typing an o (lowercase oh), then right-click to paste the public key. The result is illustrated as given below:

After pasting the public key

Press the Esc key to exit insert mode. And finally, type :wq to save the changes to the file and exit the editor. Repeat this procedure to install the same public key on as many additional remote hosts as you like.

The private key is not installed on any remote host.

Step 3

Check if the public key authentication is working properly. The basic public key authentication is enabled for a particular session in the Connection > SSH > Auth window. You must load the session profile as shown in the image below before configuring the Auth window.

Load the appropriate session profile

Connection > SSH > Auth window

Browse to select mykey.ppk in the ‘Private key file for authentication’ in the text box. Make sure to go back to the Session window and click Save to update the profile. The session will use the public key authentication as demonstrated below.

Logging in using basic public key authentication

In order to invoke the basic public key authentication for file transfers with pscp.exe, use the -i flag on the command line and specify mykey.ppk as the flag’s argument.

File transfer using basic public key authentication

During either login or file transfer, supplying the passphrase when prompted decrypts the private key on the fly for use in the authentication process. If you come across a password prompt instead of a passphrase prompt, the administrators of the remote host may have disallowed use of the public key authentication. Some websites take this step to prevent the use of unencrypted private keys (generated with a null passphrase), which pose a security threat.

The above mentioned process will enable you to access a Linux server from the Windows machine and once that is done, SSH for a Linux dedicated server can also be enables with a Windows machine.

cat mydoc.txt

In case you try to open large files in the text editor, you might encounter some issues, on the other hand if you open the same file using the cat command; all the contents of the file will be displayed immediately without any problems. You can also append “less” to the output, if you would like to check the file page by page. Have a look at the example given below:

cat mydoc.txt | less

You can also save the output contents in a file and download them so that they can be viewed offline as well. For this, you will have to type “cat” followed by an output redirection operator.

cat /proc/cpuinfo > /home/user/cpu-information.txt

The ‘cat’ command can also be utilized for linking multiple files together. This is one of the best and most convenient methods to combine files. See the example mentioned below:

cat myfile1 myfile2 myfile3

When the command mentioned above is fired, the output contents on your screen will be displayed, these contents can be sent to a file for downloading.

cat myfile1 myfile2 myfile3 > output.txt

You can easily view any of the file contents present on the dedicated server with the “cat” command. If you would like to get complete detailed information about the cat command, all you have to do is fire the “man cat” command from the command line.

In Leech protect, the default time set is 2 hours. So you can define the maximum number of login’s for users in 2 hours. This is a kind of security feature which can be used for your domains.

How to setup Leech protect for a domain name

1) Assuming that you are logged into your cPanel. You will see a option of “Leech Protect” in “Security” section.

2) When you click on “Leech Protect”, you will get a new window. You can select a domain/ sub-domain which you have added previously in your cPanel.

3) When you click on “OK” button, you will get a new windows where you can select a particular folder which you wish to protect.

4) Once you click on a particular directory, you will get a new window where you can set the required permissions.

Here you can set the number of login attempts which can be made in 2 hours, so the user cannot login more than the limit allotted by you. You can even redirect the users to a different url if they are about to exceed the maximum number of login attempts. You just need to enter a url in that box. You can even send a email alert or a notification to that users email address. You can even suspend the users who are about to exceed the maximum number of login attempts. To reactivate their accounts, you just need to reset their passwords. After filling all the necessary details, you can secure a particular domain name.

If you wish to de-activate or disable Leech Protect, you just need to login into your cPanel, follow the same steps and then click on “Disable Protection”, so that Leech Protect will be disabled.

As Zamfoo is a licensed application, you will have to purchase the license from their website and obtain the license key. Once you get the license key, you can start with the installation. Firstly you need to login into your server via SSH. After that you will have to fire the following commands via SSH.

cd/
This will take you to the root directory of your server.

wget http://www.zamfoo.com/downloads/zamfoo_installer.tar
This command will download zafoo on your server.

tar -xvf zamfoo_installer.tar
This command will extract contents on the server.

chmod 755 runme.cgi
This command will modify the permissions to make it executable.

./runme.cgi
This command will run the installer.

After firing all these commands, it will ask you for a License key. You will have to enter the license key here:- $license=”License key”. Once you enter the License key, press CTRL + X and then Save it.

In this way Zamfoo will be installed on your server.

Digital communications can provide businesses with a wide variety of benefits over analogue communications in this day and age, the main benefits are mentioned below:

Clear communications – As we know that the technology has improved a lot these days with majority of new as well as updated techniques. For example – the basic difference between the normal phone calls and the digital one. The quality of the sound matters. Over and over again the distance as is the case with standard analogue connections, although the quality of the input and output will depend on the hardware that is being used

Low-cost implementation – Implementing VoIP systems for your use will help, for the first time we can be fairly low cost because the applications required are usually free to use while the cost of a decent dedicated server is fairly low price. This means that you shouldn’t end up paying too much to use VoIP systems – if you have your own IT department then you can cut costs further by using your own staff to configure your VoIP dedicated server for you, although if you don’t have such resources then any good web hosting provider will be able to assist you

* Reduced long-term costs – With VoIP server there is a reduction in the long term costing. If you have experienced an analogue system, the end user too knows that the payment charges are too high. You need to pay continual  line rental and then there’s also the high cost of replacing defective equipment, with a VoIP server web hosting solution you won’t have many long term costs except what you are paying for your dedicated server and internet connection because you have the choice to either provide your staff with new telephones so that they are able to access the new system or alternatively you can train them to use software applications that will provide the same level of functionality, but will save your business money.

A VoIP server website hosting will provide you with a complete opportunity to make the most of what digital and internet communications have to offer.

Today, majority of the businesses are looking to cut their costs, investing in the upgraded technology such as VoIP servers. VoIP server will allow businesses to cut down their costing expenditure completely. However it also improves the level of service that the hosting provider is going to offer. If you are not at all sure about how VoIP server could fit into your business; it’s recommended to sign up with a web hosting company that will provide you a clear idea and complete consultation on how the VoIP hosting will help to gain more and more profit for your business.

How Can The Client User Install SHOUTcast ?

Generally you don’t want to run SHOUTcast as root as that can create a security issue, instead we’ll create a SHOUTcast user:

Step 1) First of all login to your server to root through SSH on the server. There you will have to add a new set of passwords and remember them. As soon as you complete the entire procedure, you can easily login as the new SHOUTcast user

Step 2) Procedure to Install SHOUTcast on your server. First, download the application to the server from the command wget “link” as done above.

a) wget http://www.shoutcast.com/downloads/s…-glibc6.tar.gz
Then you have to extract SHOUTcast on your server by untaring the file.
b) tar -zxvf shoutcast-1-9-2-linux-glibc6.tar.gz

Lets tidy up the directory:
c) rm -rf shoutcast-1-9-2-linux-glibc6.tar.gz
——————————————–
mv shoutcast-1-9-2-linux-glibc6 shoutcast
cd shoutcast   (here the directory get changed to the SHOUTcast folder)
Now we can see that the SHOUTcast server is installed on your web server. The next important step is to configure SHOUTcast on your server.

How to configure SHOUTcast

The most important thing you have to keep in mind while configuring the server is that you must have a backup of your server. Then you have to edit the configuration file. There are multiple ways through which you can edit the configuration files. Open the SHOUTcast config and modify the Portbase, Password and set the MaxUser to your needs. You will also have to change the following settings in the file:

I) pico sc_serv.conf
or you can use vi which expert recommend are as follow,
II) vi sc_serv.conf
the II process is much advanced to use.
III) nano sc_serv.conf

You can also uncomment the AdminPassword and set an admin password. Now at this point you can go through the settings and change them to what you want or you can save and start SHOUTcast and it will work perfectly.

To save crtl+x (if using pico) or :wq if using vi

Benifits Of SHOUTcast Server :-

The most common benefits of SHOUTcast are mentioned below:
# With SHOUTcast a  client can create broadcasting channels.
# SHOUTcast also helps listener to listen to the number of internet audio broadcasts.
# Some traditional radio stations use SHOUTcast to extend their presence onto the Web.
# The Broadcasters who have good number of visitors sell add on there broadcasting channel and many more.

Here are detailed steps for installing Plesk control panel on a plain Dedicated server

Pre-installation tasks:

Login to the dedicated server & execute “uname -i” to get the OS bit version so that you can download the appropriate installer page

Later on, run “cat /etc/redhat-release” to check the name & version of the OS installed on the system, for downloading the appropriate installer package.

Run the following 3 commands, to check if Apache, PHP & MySQL are pre-installed by the OS:

If the above are found to be installed [most of the time they are] by the OS, they conflict with the applications Plesk installs, hence you can remove them with the following:

Check SELinux status, we have it disabled but still execute “getenforce” it should say “Disabled” or “Not enforcing“. If it’s enforcing, disable it by executing: “setenforce 0“.

Change your working directory to where you want to download the Auto-installer utility:

Once done, download the Auto-installer utility that suits your operating system from HERE and save it on your server’s hard drive.

Set the execution permission for Auto-installer:

Run the Auto-installer:

Read installation notes displayed on the screen and type ‘n’ to proceed to the next screen. Press ENTER.

Select the product versions that you want to install: type the number corresponding to the product version you need and press ENTER, then type ‘n’ and press ENTER to continue. Here’s a sample of installing Plesk control panel 8.4 on CentOS 5.x

Select the components that you wish to install by selecting the installation type for Plesk Control Panel.

By default, typical installation is selected. It includes a minimal number of packages required for Plesk to work. To install all components of Plesk including all Plesk modules and Web applications, select Full installation. To install only selected components, select Custom installation. In this screen, choose the proper installation type and press ENTER.

To review the components that will be installed, type L and then press ENTER. The selected packages are marked with [*] symbols.
To select or deselect a package, type the corresponding number and press ENTER.

When there are several versions of a component available for installing, for example, PHP v. 4 and PHP v.5, then you can choose the version that you want to install..

Primary components list for Plesk control panel. Select the components of Plesk Control Panel you want to install:

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 15, 16, 18 & 19 should only be selected.

Make sure that only the following components are selected & the page should look like:

15, 16, 18 & 19 have sub-components & they need to be selected too:

To continue with installation, type ‘n’ and press ENTER. When prompted, confirm installing: type ‘n’ and press ENTER again.

The packages will be downloaded and installed automatically. Hence you can get yourself a cup of coffee in the meantime
When the installation is finished a trial license key is installed for evaluation purposes & Plesk will have started automatically..
Now to complete the initial configuration, log in to the Plesk control panel running on your host:

Use the username ‘admin‘ and password ‘setup‘ (both are case sensitive). For security reasons, change the password upon initial login.

The setup is complete.

You can add wizard => click add to add the IP filter => click next => check the check box mirrored, match packets with exact opposite source and destination address.  Select the source address as My IP Address  and add the destination address as a specific IP address(The IP address which you want to block on any of your hosting server, Any IP address(Will block all the IP addresses) , a subnet of IP. Address or a DNS name => Click next => Select protocol Type as Any and finish the IP filter wizard .

Now as you  select the IP filter which you have set and click the next for the filter action =>check the checkbox use add wizard => Click add => Click next and type the filter action name and Description => Click next => Select the ‘BLOCK’ action and click next => Click finish. Now select the filter action and click next and finish and click ok. To apply the policy right click on the policy Name and select Assign.

Now if you want to block a particular port such as 1433 which is MSSQL Port or any other port such as 21 (FTP) , 23(Telnet) , 3389(RDP) ,110 (POP3) please follow the steps described below.

Right click IP security policy which you have created from the above steps =>click properties => Select the IP security policy and click edit => Under the IP Filter list tab select IP filter => Edit => Add a new Filter =>Click next =>

Check the check box mirrored , Match packets with the exact opposite source and destination addresses Click next and type source address as My IP address as well as destination address as any IP address or a specific IP address or a specific subnet you can  go to next step => select a protocol type as TCP => select from this port and type the port number which you want to block and then select to any port => click next => Click Finish . You are done with all the procedure .

netstat -anp |grep ‘tcp\|udp’ | awk ‘{print $5}’ | cut -d: -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -n

This command will show you the list of IP’s which have logged in is maximum number of connections to your server.

You should also remember that ddos becomes more complex as attackers are using fewer connections with more number of attacking IP’s. In such cases, you will get less number of connections even when your server is under ddos.
One important thing that you should check is the number of active connections that your server currently has.

netstat -n | grep :80 |wc -l

The above command will show the active connections that are open to your server.

netstat -n | grep :80 | grep SYN |wc -l

There are many attackers present who typically start attack by starting a connection to the server and then do not send a reply making the server wait till it times out. Result of active connections from the first command will vary but if it shows connections  more than 500, then you will be definitely having problems. If the result after you fire second command is 100 or above then you are having problems with sync attack.

You can even block a particular IP on your server. If you wish to block a particular IP on the server, you can use the following command

route add ipaddress reject

Here is one example of how to block a particular IP on the server
for example:

route add 115.98.0.55 reject

Once you block a paricular IP on the server, you can even crosscheck if the IP is blocked or not by using the following command.

route -n |grep IPaddress

You can also block a IP with iptables on the server by using the following command.

iptables -A INPUT 1 -s IPADRESS -j DROP/REJECT
service iptables restart
service iptables save

After firing the above command, KILL all httpd connection and than restart httpd service by using following command:

killall -KILL httpd
service httpd startssl