What is an I.P. Address?
IP address means Internet Protocol. Each and every computer on the Internet has an IP address that uniquely identifies it from all other computers on the Internet. When you send or receive data, the message gets divided into packets. Each of these packets contains both the sender’s Internet address and the receiver’s address. And is sent first to a gateway computer (which is normally a networking device named router) that understands a small part of the Internet.
The gateway computer reads the destination address and forwards the packet to an adjacent gateway that in turn reads the destination address and so forth across the Internet until one gateway recognizes the packet as belonging to a computer within its immediate neighborhood or domain that gateway then forwards the packet directly to the computer whose address is specified.
IP stands for Internet protocol, and these addresses are 32-bit numbers, normally expressed as 4 "octets" in a "dotted decimal number." A typical IP address looks like this:
192.168.0.1
Classes of IP Address:
IP addresses were originally organized into classes. The address class determined the potential size of the network.
The class of an address specified which of the bits were used to identify the network, the network ID, or which bits were used to identify the host ID, host computer.
Example 201.192.55.1
a b c d
There are five classes of the ip address ie A,B,C,D,E.
The four numbers in an IP address are called octets.The four octets that make up an IP address are conventionally represented by a, b, c, and d respectively. The following table shows how the octets are distributed in classes A, B, and C.
Class---IP Address----Network ID----Host ID
A-------a.b.c.d --------a---------------b.c.d
B-------a.b.c.d---------a.b---------------c.d
C-------a.b.c.d---------a.b.c---------------d
IP addresses are assigned to organizations in blocks. Each block belongs to one of three classes: class A, class B, or class C. You can tell what class an IP address is by the value in its first octet.
Class A 1-127
Class B 128-191
Class C 192-223
Summary of IP Address Classes :
Class A: Class A addresses are specified to networks with large number of total hosts. Class A allows for 126 networks by using the first octet for the network ID. The first bit in this octet, is always set and fixed to zero. And next seven bits in the octet is all set to one, which then complete network ID. The 24 bits in the remaining octets represent the hosts ID, allowing 126 networks and approximately 17 million hosts per network. Class A network number values begin at 1 and end at 127.
Class B: Class B addresses are specified to medium to large sized of networks. Class B allows for 16,384 networks by using the first two octets for the network ID. The two bits in the first octet are always set and fixed to 1 0. The remaining 6 bits, together with the next octet, complete network ID. The 16 bits in the third and fourth octet represent host ID, allowing for approximately 65,000 hosts per network. Class B network number values begin at 128 and end at 191.
Class C: Class C addresses are used in small local area networks (LANs). Class C allows for approximately 2 million networks by using the first three octets for the network ID. In class C address three bits are always set and fixed to 1 1 0. And in the first three octets 21 bits complete the total network ID. The 8 bits of the last octet represent the host ID allowing for 254 hosts per one network. Class C network number values begin at 192 and end at 223.
Class D and E: Classes D and E are not allocated to hosts. Class D addresses are used for multicasting, and class E addresses are not available for general use: they are reserved for future purposes.
Class---Left bits---Start add-----Finish add-----How many host---Host bit
--A-----0xxx-------0.0.0.0-----127.255.255.255---16,777,214--------24
--B-----10xx-----128.0.0.0-----191.255.255.255-------65,532--------16
--C-----110x---- 192.0.0.0-----223.255.255.255----------254--------08
--D-----1110---- 224.0.0.0-----239.255.255.255---Not allocated------28 multicast
--E-----1111-----240.0.0.0-----255.255.255.255---Not allocated------28 reserved
How to find your local machine ip address ?
You can find your ip address by using following websites.
1 ) whatismyip.com
2 ) whatismyipaddress.com
Ip address
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